To begin with, it is worth discovering what psoriasis is and what are the causes of this disease.Psoriasis is a chronic non -infectious skin disease, which is characterized by the eruption of red yellow nodules and spots with a peeled surface in the body.Very often, psoriasis is recorded in young people aged 18 to 45, but there are cases of psoriasis in children and the elderly.The essence of the disease is that, for the unknown reason, the epidermis cells begin to share rapidly, forming thickening of the skin and a greater growth under these places of capillaries.
This disease accompanies humanity, not a hundred years, and possibly from the moment of its appearance.Researchers find the remains of ancient mummified people who were sick of psoriasis.In the Middle Ages, this disease was often confused with leprosy, and only in the mid -nineteenth century.Psoriasis was defined as a separate disease: from this moment the scientific study of the disease began.Surprisingly, to this day, scientists cannot completely discover the cause of the disease.On this occasion, several theories were presented:
- Inheritance.The cause of the disease is the breakdowns in the immune system, inherited.So, if one of the parents is sick with psoriasis, the probability of a disease in a child is approximately 20%.If both parents have a disease, the probability of psoriasis in a child increases to 80%.Scientists point out that not the disease itself is inherited, but only a predisposition to their occurrence.
- Viral theoryThe justification that the causal agent of psoriasis can be a virus tried to find many scientists.At the moment, confirmation of this theory has not been found.However, other infectious diseases: flu, tonsillitis, acute respiratory viral infections can affect the course of the disease, causing exacerbation or become a trigger for the first external manifestations of psoriasis.
- Immune theory.The most justified and universally recognized version of the appearance of psoriasis.The conclusion is that the cause of the disease is a violation in the cell bond of immunity.More and more scientists are inclined to the fact that the disease is autoimmune, that is, body defenses turn against themselves and begin to reject skin cells, perceive them as extraterrestrials.
- Exchange theory.To discover the causes of pathology, scientists performed numerous exams of patients with psoriasis.During this process, it was discovered that everyone has violations in metabolism.In particular, low body temperature;Increased blood cholesterol;Altered vitamins balance.All this leads to the conclusion that disorders in the exchange process play an important role in the appearance of the disease.
Factors that cause the development of psoriasis
The fact that there are some triggers that cause the disease or provocative exacerbation are known by both patients and doctors themselves.Such reasons include:
- Stress, excess nervous rays, psychological trauma;
- Hormonal violations;
- Taking certain medications: antibiotics, B vitamins, anti -inflammatory medications;
- Mechanical skin lesions: cuts, burns, deep scratches;
- Infectious diseases: tonsillitis, otitis media, sinusitis, as well as infections caused by Streptococcus - scarlet fever, erysipelas, etc.;
- Drink alcohol, not complement with the regime, malnutrition, smoking;
- A sudden change in the weather, long -term stay to the sun.
Psoriasis symptoms
How to recognize the signs of an insidious disease and prevent it from spreading?The course of psoriasis is cyclical: periods of exacerbations are replaced by periods of remission.The disease has several forms, each of them has its own characteristic distinctive characteristics, but there are general symptoms, whose totality clearly indicates the presence of psoriasis in the patient.This is the psoriatic triad called:
- The phenomenon of the fall of the stearin.If the surface of a psoriatic plaque with a nail, keratinized skin scales, similar to the frozen Starin drops, will separate from it.
- Under the separate layer of keratinized particles, there is a bright thin red movie.
- "Bloody Dew".If you discard this movie with a nail, small drops of blood will work.The fact is that under it there are capillaries with thin walls, and multiple hemorrhages arise from the slightest physical effect.
All these symptoms are accompanied by itching in the affected area.Very often, the first psoriatic plaques appear in places such as knees, elbows, inguinal region, scalp, armpits.First, eruptions are single, but as the disease develops, their number increases and the plates can fuse with each other, affecting the growing surface of the body.Kebner syndrome also occurs: the appearance of new rashes in places of skin irritation.
Vulgar or ordinary psoriasis
One of the most common forms of the disease is 80% of patients with psoriasis are accurately diagnosed by vulgar psoriasis.The most characteristic feature is the appearance in the body of the reddish papules, nodules that have a rounded shape, clearly defined limits and rise slightly above the skin.The spots are covered with a gray incursion of the separate scales.The eruptions can affect both the individual parts of the body and extend throughout the skin, mainly located in the skin folds, joints of the joints, frequent places of contact and friction of the skin in the clothes.
Scalp psoriasis
In this form of the disease, mainly part of the head, covered with hair, but with an additional course of the disease, the plates can spread to the face, ears and the neck area.Since it is quite difficult to see what is happening in the head independently, often in the initial stage of hair psoriasis, they confuse with the ordinary dandruff and do not give much importance to the symptoms.What are your signs to alert?
- Dry scalp;
- Severe itching;
- Pain and burning in the affected area;
- The appearance of peeling similar to dandruff;
- Loss of hair.
Nail psoriasis
Psoriatic onystrophy, or nail psoriasis can manifest as an independent disease and is a complication of ordinary psoriasis.The external signs of the disease are very similar to fungal infection.The nail plate is thick, its color changes: it can vary yellowish to gray.Naked eyes are visible traces of underwater bleeding: red or purple spots.There is an oil stain syndrome: a yellowish spot under the nail plate.The nail itself is flattened, it becomes rough to the touch, in the center there are traces pressed.Small holes also appear, such as injections with a needle, the surface begins to resemble a thimble.Under the bed of the nail, the process of accumulation of dead cells begins, in the future this can lead to detachment from the nail and its loss.Both nails on both hands or only some can be affected.
Psoriasis of pustulenia
It differs from the usual in which the lesion is characterized by the appearance of redness and pustules: bubbles with purulent content.With the additional development of the disease, bubbles begin to take off, exposing the surface of erosion.Pustular psoriasis has a more serious course, can be complicated by the connection of a secondary infection, body poisoning until death.
Genital psoriasis
A rather rare form of disease.It is characterized by the appearance of small drop -shaped plates of up to 1 centimeter in diameter.Favorite places: limbs and body.The appearance of eruptions is accompanied by severe itching, this is often preceded by the transferated streptococcal infection.
Psoriasis sustained by Ladomary
It is diagnosed in 15% of all patients with psoriasis.This form is characterized by the appearance of papules in the palms and soles of the feet.In the affected areas there are severe itching and heat, often the cracks of the skin and the hemorrhages.Patients experience strong difficulties when walking, the inability to perform any action with their hands.The pustular type of psoriasis palmar is characterized by the appearance of redness and bubbles with liquid content in the skin.
Exudation psoriasis
This type of disease is characterized by the formation of crying plaques with unequal edges, covered with numerous layers of a gray crust.Such scabs are formed from the impregnation of keratinized particles by exudate, when trying to remove them, the plate acquires a reddish color, it can begin to bleed.This form is often found in patients, in the history of which there are problems in the work of the endocrine system, metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus.
Psoriatic arthritis
It is characterized by a set of psoriasis and arthritis symptoms.Patients experience joint pain, limited in their mobility, fingers swell strongly, the skin around them acquires a bluish dye.In addition, the disease can affect the spine and the sacrum.In addition to the joints, tendons and joint cartilage also suffer.
Psoriasis diagnosis
As in the treatment of any other disease, the main thing is to discover the enemy per person and begin comprehensive treatment as soon as possible.The first thing you should do if you suspect the presence of psoriasis is to contact a dermatologist.The doctor will perform a visual exam, will scrape the affected area and prescribe the tests:
- General blood analysis;
- General urine analysis;
- Calais analysis for goalkeeper eggs.
- Blood test
- Urine analysis
- Calais analysis
Sometimes, these measures may not be enough for a precise diagnosis, since the symptoms of psoriasis can be expressed lubricated.In this case, to distinguish the psoriasis of other similar skin diseases, a biopsy is prescribed, which separates a piece of tissue and a posterior histological examination in the laboratory.In addition, the doctor collects information about clinical manifestations, patient's complaints, as well as the image of his life, the presence of bad habits and the hereditary predisposition to the disease.
Psoriasis treatment
Unfortunately, it is impossible to completely get rid of psoriasis.However, this does not mean that he simply cannot pay attention to the presence of this diagnosis.Subject to all recommendations prescribed by the treating doctor, you can achieve persistent long remission and live for years, without remembering that you are sick with psoriasis.There is no universal treatment methodology, since it depends on factors such as:
- Patient age;
- Type of psoriasis;
- The size of the affected areas and the place of their location;
- The severity of the disease.
As a general rule, the treatment of psoriasis is a set of measures aimed at eliminating and mitigating the symptoms of the disease, maintaining the strength of the body, eliminating the cause that caused the exacerbation of the disease.
Drug therapy
The rest of the disease will have to combat the disease, therefore, for patients diagnosed with psoriasis, the following treatment technique was developed: first, medications are prescribed with the least amount of side effects.If the therapy does not have the proper effect, the medications are replaced by more powerful.But even a well chosen medication course will have to change from time to time.This is necessary for the body not to be accustomed to a certain drug and the effect of its action is not at all.The treatment includes taking local medications and ointments.The following medications are prescribed:
- Antihistamines: Relieves itching, allows you to sleep peacefully at night;
- Retinoids - Derivatives of vitamin A - have a favorable effect on skin condition;
- Integrosorbents: its objective is to clean the body of toxins;
- Hepatoprotectors: They have a protective and restoration effect for liver cells;
- The enzymes-help The gastrointestinal tract faces the load;
- Non -steroid medications: relieve inflammation and pain;
- Antibiotics: They are necessary in cases where the course of the disease is complicated by the connection of the infection;
- Cytostatics: reduces the increase in increased pathological cell division;
- Immunosuppressants;
- Biological products
In the initial stage of psoriasis, unpleasant symptoms can eliminate several ointments and creams, which are also a mandatory component of a complex of measures in the treatment of advanced cases of the disease.These funds can be divided into two large groups: non -hormonal and hormonal they contain.
Physiotherapy
- A few decades ago, the positive effect of UV rays on the skin affected by psoriasis was demonstrated.Today, this method is used successfully in the treatment of the disease.O Radiation is carried out using special facilities, and both the body and only individual areas can be exposed.
- Patients with a diagnosis of psoriasis often begin to suffer from depressive disorders associated with experiences about the disease.In this case, Electron can help.The procedure has a sedative effect, the patient relaxes, his psychological status is stabilized.All this favorably affects the course of the disease.
- Magnetotherapy helps improve blood circulation, reduce itching, normalizes metabolism.
- The cryotherapy or cold treatment procedure has also demonstrated its effectiveness in the treatment of psoriasis.The affected areas are exposed to liquid nitrogen vapor, as a result, itching is thrown in itching, active metabolic processes are launched in skin cells.
- Resort-saan treatment may have a very beneficial effect and promote the patient who enters the remission stage.
If psoriasis diagnosed, try not to fall into despair.Medicine does not stop and more and more advanced medications appear every year that allow it to get rid of the symptoms of the disease for a long time.Follow all the doctor's recommendations, lead a healthy lifestyle and, as far as possible, avoid the factors that can cause an exacerbation.